Payments on Accounts in the UK: A Comprehensive Guide
posted 3rd October 2023
In today's evolving financial landscape, the UK has various methods for individuals and businesses to handle their financial obligations. One of the concepts often encountered, especially in the realm of taxation, is "payments on account." This article provides a detailed understanding of what payments on account mean, their relevance, and how they operate within the UK financial system.
What are Payments on Account?
In the UK, "payments on account" primarily refers to the system used by HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) to collect Income Tax from individuals who file Self Assessment tax returns. Essentially, it's a method where taxpayers make two advance payments towards their next year's tax bill. These payments help spread the cost of the following year's tax and are calculated based on the previous year's tax bill.
Why Were They Introduced?
The payments on account system was introduced to ensure that taxpayers are continually paying towards their tax bills and to provide a smoother, more predictable revenue stream for HMRC. It's akin to the "pay-as-you-earn" system for employed individuals, but designed for the self-employed and those with varying income year-on-year.
How are Payments Calculated?
Each payment on account is typically 50% of the previous year's tax bill. Here's a basic breakdown:
> First Payment: Due by 31st January (this is the same day your tax return and any remaining tax from the previous year are due).
> Second Payment: Due by 31st July.
If, after making your two payments, it turns out you've paid too much, you'll receive a refund from HMRC. If you haven't paid enough, you'll need to make a "balancing payment."
Can You Reduce Payments on Account?
If you believe that your income for the next year will be lower than the previous year, you can apply to reduce your payments on account. This can be done through the HMRC online account or by filling out an SA303 form. However, caution is advised. If you reduce your payments and it turns out you should have paid more, you could be charged interest on the underpaid amount.
Who is Exempt from Payments on Account?
Not everyone who files a Self Assessment tax return needs to make payments on account. If your tax bill for the previous year was less than £1,000 or if over 80% of your income was deducted at source (e.g., through PAYE), you're exempt.
Modern Trends and Electronic Payments
The financial world is rapidly digitalizing, and payments on account are no exception. Today, individuals can easily make their payments online, set up Direct Debits, or use the HMRC mobile app. Always ensure you're using official channels to avoid scams or fraudulent platforms.
Conclusion
Payments on account in the UK serve as a method to smoothen and predict the revenue stream for HMRC, and to ensure taxpayers are regularising their tax obligations. For the self-employed and those with significant income not taxed at source, understanding this system is crucial to avoid unexpected financial hits and to maintain compliance with HMRC requirements. As with any financial matter, when in doubt, it's always a good idea to consult with an accountant or financial adviser.
